Quote of the Day: Sun Tzu

"An evil man will burn his own nation to the ground to rule over the ashes."

-Sun Tzu

In the pantheon of history’s greatest military thinkers, one name stands above all others: Sun Tzu. Even if you haven't studied military history, you have likely heard his name cited by CEOs, sports coaches, and world leaders. But who was the man behind the legendary text, and why does his advice still resonate over two millennia later?

Who Was Sun Tzu?

Sun Tzu (pronounced Soon Dzuh) was a Chinese general, military strategist, writer, and philosopher. Historically, he is identified as Sun Wu, a native of the State of Qi who served King Helü of Wu during the late 6th century BC.

While some modern historians debate whether Sun Tzu was a single historical individual or a compilation of many strategists, tradition holds that he was a brilliant commander whose successes on the battlefield earned him a reputation for near-supernatural insight into human conflict.

When and Where Did He Live?

Sun Tzu lived during the Spring and Autumn period (approximately 771 to 476 BC) of ancient China. This was a era characterized by the decentralization of power and constant warfare between rival vassal states. It was a "sink or swim" environment where the survival of a kingdom depended entirely on its military efficiency and the wisdom of its leaders.

What Did He Do?

Sun Tzu’s most famous achievement was serving as a general for the Kingdom of Wu. According to legend, he proved his discipline to the King by training a group of palace concubines into a functional military unit.

His real genius, however, was not just in winning battles, but in his philosophy of how to approach conflict. He argued that:

• Strategy is superior to brute force: The highest form of victory is to "subdue the enemy without fighting."

• Deception is key: "All warfare is based on deception."

• Know yourself and your enemy: He famously wrote that if you know both, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles.

His Lasting Legacy

The legacy of Sun Tzu is crystallized in his seminal work, The Art of War. This 13-chapter treatise covers every aspect of warfare, from the use of spies and the impact of terrain to the importance of flexibility and morale.

For centuries, his teachings influenced East Asian warfare. In the 20th century, his strategies were studied by leaders like Mao Zedong and General Douglas MacArthur. Today, the book is a staple in business schools and leadership seminars, proving that the principles of "knowing the ground" and "attacking where the enemy is weak" apply just as much to the boardroom as they do to the battlefield.

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Deepen Your Knowledge

If you want to read the wisdom of the Master for yourself, you can access the full text here:

• Read "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu (Project Gutenberg)

Sources and Further Reading:

1. History.com: Sun Tzu - Facts & Summary

2. Ancient History Encyclopedia: The Biography of Sun-Tzu

3. National Geographic: The Art of War: A Guide to Strategy

4. Britannica: Sunzi: Chinese Military Strategist

The Dual Wills of God

 

Direct lexical entries for Thelema (θέλημα) and Boulema (βούλημα) are absent. However, the lexicon does define the accompanying Greek verb προορίζω (proorizo), used in Ephesians 1:5, as "to predetermine, decide beforehand," specifically noting its New Testament use for "God decreeing from eternity".

Lexical Definitions

• Boulema (βούλημα) / Boulomai (βούλομαι): In classical and Koine Greek, this root refers to a deliberate resolve, a calculated decision, or a purposed counsel. It carries an intellectual, cognitive weight, describing a blueprint or a sovereign decree arrived at through rational deliberation.
• Thelema (θέλημα) / Thelo (θέλω): This term designates a will, desire, wish, or inclination. It is rooted in the emotional and volitional faculties, describing what someone takes pleasure in, yearns for, or desires to happen based on their personal disposition.

Clarifying the Contexts (2 Peter 3:9 & Ephesians 1:5)

Just as with 1 Peter 2:9 in our previous discussion, we must first clarify the underlying Greek in the specific verses you are analyzing:

1. 2 Peter 3:9 uses the root of Boulema (specifically the participle boulomenos / βουλόμενος): "The Lord is not slack concerning his promise... not willing [boulomenos - resolving/decreeing] that any should perish..."
2. Ephesians 1:5 actually uses the root of Thelema: "...according to the good pleasure of his will [thelematos]."

Why the Authors Chose These Roots

In 2 Peter 3:9, Peter uses the root of Boulema because he is addressing a judicial and administrative delay in God's judgment. The context is the timing of the end of the world. Peter is stating that God has not made a fixed, irreversible decree (boulema) for their immediate destruction; rather, His deliberate counsel is to hold back the final judgment to allow a rational window for repentance.

In Ephesians 1:5, Paul specifically pairs Thelema with the verb proorizo. Paul uses proorizo to establish that adoption was predetermined and decreed from eternity. But by grounding this eternal decree in God's Thelema, Paul ensures the reader knows this rigid sovereign act was born out of God's deep, emotional desire and good pleasure, not just a cold calculation.

Counterfactual Analysis: Shifting from Boulema to Thelema

If we imagine the author of 2 Peter 3:9 swapping boulomenos for a form of thelema/thelo, the theological weight would shift dramatically:

• From Judicial Restraint to Emotional Yearning: If 2 Peter 3:9 used Thelema ("not desiring that any should perish"), the verse would shift from an explanation of God's administrative timeline to a glimpse into God's emotional vulnerability. It would move the focus away from God's sovereign decree (withholding the eschatological judgment) and toward His emotional desire (His heart breaking over the lost).
• The Shift in Human Agency: Theologically, a boulema (decree) is often viewed as deterministic—if God had resolved it, it would happen. Because Peter says God is not "resolving" (boulomenos) their destruction, it explains why the earth is still standing. If Peter had used Thelema, it would imply that God's deepest emotional desires can be thwarted by human rebellion, emphasizing a relational theology where God's wishes do not always translate into sovereignly executed realities.

Unlocking the New Testament: A Guide to the "Thayer’s" Lexicon

If you’ve ever waded into the deep waters of New Testament word studies, you’ve likely encountered a massive, venerable volume often simply called "Thayer’s." Its full, rather breathy title is A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Being Grimm's Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti.

While the title sounds like a mouthful of 19th-century academia, this resource remains one of the most accessible and detailed tools for anyone wanting to understand the original language of the Christian scriptures. But what exactly is it, and how do you use it without getting lost in the weeds?

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What is this Lexicon?

At its core, this work is a translation and heavy expansion of a German lexicon. Here is the "family tree" of the book:

1. Christian Wilke: Wrote the original Clavis Novi Testamenti (Key to the New Testament).

2. C.L.W. Grimm: Extensively revised Wilke’s work in the mid-1800s.

3. Joseph Henry Thayer: A Harvard professor who translated Grimm’s German/Latin work into English, adding his own massive amount of research and references.

Published in its final form in 1889, it was the "gold standard" for nearly a century. It doesn't just give you a one-word definition; it provides the history of the word, how it was used in classical Greek, how its meaning changed in the Bible, and every single instance where it appears in the New Testament.

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The Best Way to Use It for Bible Study

You don't need to be a Greek scholar to use Thayer’s, but you do need a strategy. Most modern editions are "Coded to Strong’s," which is the secret key for most students.

1. Use the "Strong’s" Bridge

If you don't know the Greek alphabet, look up your English word in a Strong’s Concordance first. Find the number (e.g., Greek #1577 for ekklesia). Most versions of Thayer’s are indexed by these numbers, allowing you to jump straight to the entry.

2. Trace the "Sense" of the Word

Thayer’s organizes entries logically. Usually, it starts with the etymology (where the word came from) and then lists different "senses" or nuances.

• Sense A: The literal or physical meaning.

• Sense B: The metaphorical or spiritual meaning.

  Always check which category the specific verse you are studying falls under.

3. Cross-Reference the "Extra-Biblical" Usage

One of Thayer’s strengths is that he tells you how a word was used by secular writers like Homer, Plato, or Plutarch. This helps you see if the New Testament writers were using a word in a common way or if they were "baptizing" the word with a brand-new Christian meaning.

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Can It Be Used Reliably for the Septuagint?

The Septuagint (LXX)—the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament—is a different beast than the New Testament. If you are wondering if Thayer's is the right tool for Old Testament Greek study, the answer is: Yes, but with caution.

• The Good: Thayer frequently cites the Septuagint. If a New Testament word appears in the LXX, Thayer will often list those references and explain how the Hebrew word was translated into Greek. This is invaluable for seeing the continuity between the two Testaments.

• The Bad: Thayer’s is not an exhaustive Septuagint lexicon. There are thousands of words in the LXX that do not appear in the New Testament, and Thayer simply won’t have entries for them.

• The Verdict: Use it as a secondary resource for the Septuagint. For a truly deep dive into the Old Testament in Greek, you are better off using a specialized tool like the Lust-Eynikel-Hauspie (LEH) Lexicon.

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A Note of Caution

Because Thayer’s was completed in 1889, it missed the "Papyri Revolution." Shortly after its publication, thousands of ancient Greek scraps (receipts, letters, contracts) were found in Egypt. These showed that "Biblical Greek" was actually the common language of the street (Koine), not a special "Holy Ghost language."

Additionally, Joseph Henry Thayer held Unitarian views, and some scholars argue his theological leanings occasionally color his definitions of words related to the divinity of Christ. Always cross-check his definitions with a modern resource like BDAG (the current scholarly standard) if you are doing high-stakes theological work.

Bottom Line: Thayer’s is a brilliant, deep-reaching tool that brings the world of the first century to life. Just remember it’s a product of its time—a beautiful, slightly aged window into the Word.

https://www.ccel.org/ccel/grimm/greekeng.html